The Leverhulme Tropical Defaunation Hub is providing the step change needed in our understanding of defaunation patterns over space and time, as well as the ecological and social factors that influence them. The team comprises specialists in mammal and bird biodiversity, spatial statistics, remote sensing and poverty assessment. We are building a network of wildlife population change datasets across Indonesia, which we link with information on landscape and social change. Many of these datasets are being kindly shared by partners in Indonesia, while some are being generated by researchers in the Hub. Crucially, we are tracking population change over time and space in order to work out the extent of defaunation and under what conditions it is occurring most.