Previous research has shown that individuals high in benevolent sexism positively evaluate women who conform to traditional gender roles. In this research project, Professor Dominic Abrams and colleagues explore the difference between benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry. The researchers propose that it is possible for men to be polite and considerate to women without simultaneously placing restrictions on how women should behave in relationships (e.g., individuals may believe it is okay for both men and women to play active roles in the development of a relationship). The findings from this review have important implications for public bodies that promote equality, legal enforcers, marketers, advertisers and lay people.
More about Professor Dominic Abrams
Full text of paper
About
In an experimental study, the researchers asked participants to complete the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and a new measure of paternalistic chivalry. Their measure of paternalistic chivalry taps into attitudes that are both courteous and considerate to women but place restrictions on behaviour considered appropriate for women during courtship.
The researchers find that benevolent sexism was positively related to paternalistic chivalry. Hostile sexism and participant sex were unrelated to paternalistic chivalry. The findings have wide implications for research and equality policies.
Programme and methodology
• 142 participants from the University of Kent took part
• Data collected as part of mass testing session at University
• Participants completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI)
• Participants completed a measure of paternalistic chivalry: e.g. During a date, a man should protect the woman if she is being harassed by other men
Findings
• A positive relationship between benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry was obtained.
• This relationship was significant when the effects of hostile sexism and participant sex were accounted for.
• Hostile sexism and participant sex were not related to paternalistic chivalry.
• Gender of participant did not affect the data.
• Individuals that are high in benevolent sexism are more likely to support a belief system in which women are treated with courtesy and consideration but are restricted in the roles they may play within intimate relationships
Impact
• This research project offers new and important insight for understanding of benevolent sexism
• Suggests that paternalistic chivalry may be a barrier to gender equality
• Chivalry may discourage women from seeking on personal success by encouraging them to seek success via a benevolent male partner
• Important implications for equality between men and women.
• Can help guide equality campaigns as well as policy-making