Carl completed his degree in Joint Mathematics and Physics at Preston and an MSc in Physics at Birmingham in the 1980s. His work since was associated with UK civil nuclear reactors.
He is now pursuing a part-time PhD, having taken early retirement. Current research is under the supervision of Professor Michael Smith.
Carl’s research interests are the physics of high pressure under-expanded supersonic jets from active galactic nuclei through numerical approximations and examining correlations with limited information from observations. There are conditions under which significant energy is transferred into the surroundings of supersonic jets; what are these conditions, what is the nature of the energy transfer, and can this explain the moderation of star formation in the host galaxy? The study of shock configurations within supersonic gas jets, and the effects of jet bursts and pulses, may also provide insights into the observed time varying brightness distributions in some astrophysical jets.